The immediate cause of fainting or syncope is lack of blood flow to the cells of the brain. This brings on a partial or complete temporary loss of consciousness. Prior to the faint people usually feel unwell, nauseous or light-headed. Occasionally muscle spasms can occur which may be confused with an epileptic fit.

The word temporary in the definition is important. Unlike stroke which is also due to restricted brain blood flow, fainting doesn't cause permanent damage to the brain – unless of course a head injury results from the fall.

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